Все про Солнечную панель из монокристаллического кремния

The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar panels is about 15%, and the maximum is 24%, which is the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency among all types of solar panels, but the production cost is so high that it cannot be widely used on a large scale. amount of use. This information was current until 2012. For 2022, the efficiency of solar panels made of single-crystal silicon, in laboratory conditions of what they produce, or plan to release this year, already ranges from 19%, and the maximum is 33%. What says that this technology is not in one place, but is developing and modernizing. There are new improvements in the chemical composition, which make it possible to obtain more efficient modules. Since monocrystalline silicon is usually sealed with tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is strong and durable, with a service life of typically 15 years and a maximum of 25 years. Today, the lifetime of solar panels is at the same level, although there are those who like to overestimate the lifetime of modules, it remains within the same limits. Moreover, 15 years is not necessarily the minimum threshold.

Chinese name: 单晶硅太阳能板
English name: monocrystalline silicon solar pane
Sunlight falls on a semiconductor p-n junction, forming a new hole-electron pair. Under the action of the electric field of the p-n junction, holes flow from the n-region to the p-region, and electrons flow from the p-region to the p-region. area n. After switching on the circuit, a current is generated. This is how solar panels work with the photovoltaic effect.

mono cells until 2012 less effective
mono cells after 2012 are more effective
mono cells after 2012 are more efficient
Material introduction

1. Glass: 3.2mm ultra white fabric texture tempered glass, light transmission over 91% in the solar cell spectral response wavelength range (320-1100nm),

It is resistant to UV radiation, and the light transmission ability is not reduced. Parts made of tempered glass withstand the impact of ice balls with a diameter of 25 mm at a speed of 23 m/s.
2. EVA: 0.5mm high quality EVA film is used as solar cell sealant and bonding agent with glass and TPT. It has a high transmittance and anti-aging ability.
Solar panels

Performance requirements of EVA film for solar cell packaging after curing:

Light transmission over 90%, cross-linking rate over 65-85%, peel strength (N/cm), glass/film over 30, TPT/film over 15, temperature resistance: high temperature 85℃, low temperature -40℃. ,
3. TPT: The back of the solar cell has basic requirements such as aging resistance, corrosion resistance, UV resistance, and sealing.
4. Frame: The aluminum alloy frame used has high strength and mechanical resistance.

Models and Characteristics of monocrystalline panels for 2012
model

Power calculation

Solar AC power generation system consists of solar panels, charge controllers, inverters and batteries; DC solar power generation system does not include an inverter. In order for the solar power generation system to provide enough power for the load, it is necessary to intelligently select each component according to the power of the electrical appliance. Take the output power of 100W and use it for 6 hours a day as an example to introduce the calculation method:

1. First calculate the watt-hours consumed per day (including inverter losses):
If the inverter conversion efficiency is 90%, when the output power is 100W, the actual required output power should be 100W/90%=111W; if the inverter is used 5 hours a day, the power consumption is 111W*5. hours = 555 Wh.
2. Calculate the solar panel:
According to the daily effective sunlight time of 6 hours, and taking into account the charging efficiency and losses during the charging process, the output power of the solar panel should be 555Wh/6 hours/70%=130W. Among them, 70% is the actual power used by the solar panel during the charging process.

Application area
1. User solar power source: (1) A small power supply of 10 to 100W, used for military and civilian life in remote areas without electricity, such as plateaus, islands, grazing areas, border posts, etc., such as , lighting, TV, tape recorders, etc.; (2) 3-5KW household power generation system connected to the roof grid; (3) photoelectric water pump: it can solve the problem of drinking and irrigating deep wells in areas without electricity.
2. Traffic field: such as beacons, traffic/railway signal lights, traffic warning/signal lights, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, highway/railway wireless phone booths, autonomous power supply for changing road, etc.
3. Field of Communication/Communication: solar-powered unattended microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/paging power supply system, rural telephone communication photovoltaic system, small communication vehicle, GPS power supply for soldiers, etc. d.
4. Petroleum, marine and meteorological fields: cathodic protection systems for solar panels for oil pipelines and tank gates, emergency power supplies for oil drilling platforms, marine detection equipment, meteorological / hydrological observation equipment, etc.
5. Power supply for household lamps: such as garden lamps, street lamps, portable lamps, camping lamps, climbing lamps, fishing lamps, black light lamps, tapping lamps, energy saving lamps, etc.
6. Photovoltaic power plant: 10KW-50MW independent photovoltaic power plant, additional wind-solar (diesel) power plant, various large parking charging stations, etc.
7. Solar building: The combination of solar energy production and building materials will allow large buildings in the future to achieve self-sufficiency in electricity, which is the main direction of development in the future.
8. Other areas include: (1) car compatibility: solar-powered/electric vehicles, battery charging equipment, car air conditioners, fans, cold drink boxes, etc., (2) solar hydrogen production and energy recovery systems on fuel cells. ; (3) power supply for seawater desalination equipment; (4) satellites, spacecraft, space solar power plants, etc.
At the time of publication, monocrystalline solar panels began to be purchased much less frequently than it was at the time of 2012. Since many finally began to realize that due to their technology, on a large scale, they allow saving on space. And you can’t get power from them as some authors described earlier than in comparison with polycrystalline silicon.
And the most important advantage of mono over poly is their more uniform structure, which does not degrade as much over the years as polycrystal. And not everyone wants to overpay for it from $ 20 to $ 30. Therefore, monocrystalline solar panels have become less considered for the construction of home solar power plants.
Yes, and I didn’t talk about it before, I didn’t seem to write about it, but the tolerance of monocrystalline solar panels is much less than that of polyks, hence they are more stable in terms of solar anomalies, and in High voltage the voltage rises not as much as polyks. Hence, with a more accurate installation of solar panels and their selection by voltage, the chance that force majeure will occur is much more minimal.